In addition, Article VII of CITES provides that specimens of animals listed in Schedule I and bred in captivity for commercial purposes are treated as Schedule II. The same applies to Appendix I plant specimens that are artificially reproduced for commercial purposes. [18] The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is an association of airlines founded in 1945 by airlines that wish to promote “safe, regular and economical air travel”. IATA publishes live animal regulations (in English, French, Spanish and Chinese). These rules are the industry`s minimum standards for international animal transport. Coverage of three U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recreation plans: Coverage in the center is for a plan comprising five at-risk trees and shrubs that are found in a single mountain on the Caribbean National Forest in Puerto Rico. This convention (better known by the acronym CITES) is an agreement between governments around the world to ensure that international trade in wildlife does not jeopardize their survival. CITES began in 1975 with 80 participating nations. Today, 169 nations participate and the agreement protects more than 30,000 plant and animal species. Various provisions of the law encourage the conservation and recovery of endangered plants.

Section 7 of the Act directs all federal authorities to use their governments to implement endangered or threatened species conservation programs. This section also criticises federal authorities for ensuring that no measures they have approved, funded or implemented jeopardize the survival of an endangered or threatened species. This includes federal actions on private land, so plants on private land may be protected under the law. Federal authorities should assess their actions and consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on measures that may affect threatened or threatened species. When an agency finds that a measure may affect an endangered or threatened species, the Agency must seek formal consultation with the Wildlife and Nature Service. The service is required to write a document called “Biological Opinion” that determines whether the action compromises the sustainability of the species. If the conclusion is “at risk,” the service describes measures called “reasonable and prudent alternatives” that the Agency must take to reduce the magnitude of the impact under the regime. Where the conclusion is not “risk-free,” the service generally provides recommendations for nature protection that the Agency can make to reduce the negative effects of the action. CITES is one of the largest and oldest conservation and sustainable development agreements in existence. Participation is voluntary and countries that have agreed to be bound by the convention are called contracting parties.

Although CITES is legally binding on contracting parties, it is not a substitute for national laws. On the contrary, it provides a framework respected by each party, which must adopt its own national legislation for the implementation of CITES at the national level. Often, there is no national legislation (particularly in parties that have not ratified it) or sanctions with the seriousness of the crime and insufficient deterrence for wildlife traffickers. [3] In 2002, 50% of the contracting parties missed one or more of the four main requirements for one party: the designation of administrative and scientific authorities; laws prohibiting trade in violation of CITES; Sanctions for trade; Laws that provide for the seizure of designs. [4] Most state laws offer less and lower protection for threatened plants than the federal Endangered Species Act.